Folio
3

Parts of a book

What comes before the main text, what comes after, and the order a reader expects to find them in.

Front matter

Also: prelims, preliminary pages

Everything before the main text: the pages that name the book, record who made it and show what is inside. Front matter is numbered in roman numerals: i, ii, iii.

i
iiiii
ivv
vivii
viii1
23
45
…
280281
282283
284285
286287
288

Pages i to viii: half-title, title page, copyright page, dedication and epigraph (a short quotation that sets the tone), numbered in roman so Chapter One starts on page 1.

NotFront cover: the outside of the book. Front matter is the first pages inside it.

SayKeep the prelims of A Winter of Small Hours to eight pages: half-title, title page, copyright page, dedication and epigraph.

Half-title

Also: bastard title

The first page of the book, a recto, with only the title on it: no subtitle, no author, no publisher.

A Winter of Small Hours
i
ii
A Winter
of Small Hours
A novel
Ines Calder
Harbour Books
iii

Page i, the first recto: the title and nothing else. Its verso, page ii, is often blank, or lists the author’s other books.

NotTitle page: two pages later, with the full title, the author and the publisher.

SaySet the half-title of A Winter of Small Hours small, in the cover’s title face, a third of the way down page i.

Title page

The recto that gives the full title, subtitle, author and publisher. It is the book’s formal record: libraries and catalogues take their details from it.

A Winter
of Small Hours
Ines Calder
A Winter
of Small Hours
A novel
Ines Calder
Harbour Books

Plain and complete: the full title, the author and the publisher. Libraries catalogue the book from this page.

NotFront cover: the outside, designed to sell. The title page is inside, and plain.

SayKeep the title page of A Winter of Small Hours in black only: title, ‘A novel’, Ines Calder, and our logo at the foot.

Copyright page

Also: imprint page, title verso

The back of the title page, set in small type: who owns the text, who published it and when, the ISBN and the printing.

Harbour Books
Bristol, United Kingdom© Ines Calder 2027First published 2027. The moral right of the author has been asserted. All rights reserved: no part of this book may be copied, stored or sent in any form without the written permission of the publisher.This is a work of fiction. The people and events in it are the author’s invention, and any likeness to real people is coincidence.A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.ISBN 978-1-0000-0000-0Printed in the United Kingdom10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
iv

Who owns the text, and since when: © with the owner’s name and the year of first publication.

NotColophon: a note at the very end of some books on how they were made: the typefaces, the paper, the printer.

SaySet the copyright page of A Winter of Small Hours small at the foot of page iv, with the fiction disclaimer and a printing line ending in 1.

Contents

Also: table of contents, contents page

The list of the book’s parts in order, with the page each one starts on. It is front matter, and usually starts on a recto.

Contents
Forewordix
Prefacexi
Introductionxiii
1 Running machines1
2 Boneshakers41
3 High wheels81
4 The safety bicycle121
5 Riding out161
6 Bicycles today201
Appendices245
Notes253
Glossary263
Bibliography267
Index273
vii

Every part of the book in order, with the page it starts on. The front matter before the contents is left out.

NotIndex: at the back, in alphabetical order, pointing to topics rather than parts.

SayGive A Short History of the Bicycle a one-page contents, chapters only; the sections can live in the running heads.

Foreword, preface and introduction

Three openings that are easy to mix up. A foreword is written by someone else; a preface is the author on how the book came to be; an introduction is the author starting on the subject itself.

Preface

This book began in a shed in Leeds, with a rusted high wheel nobody could date. Finding out took four years and more help than I can list here; the people who gave it are thanked at the back.

Hal Brennan, Leeds, 2027
xi

Written by the author, about the book: why and how it was made, and who helped. Signed by the author.

NotForward: a common misspelling. A foreword is the word that comes before.

SayIn the bicycle book, put Dara Quinn’s foreword first, then Hal’s preface, and start the introduction with Drais in 1817.

Body

Also: main matter

The main content of the book, between the front and back matter: its chapters. The body’s pages are numbered in ordinary figures, starting from 1.

vi
vii
viii
1
2
3
body

The body starts again at page 1. If the front matter grows by a page late on, no page number in the body changes.

NotBody text: the running paragraphs on a page, as opposed to its headings and captions.

SayNumber the prelims of A Winter of Small Hours in roman and start the body at 1, on Chapter One.

Chapter opener

Also: chapter opening

The first page or spread of a chapter, designed to mark a fresh start: the title dropped down the page, no running head, often a picture.

Two

The first bus left the depot at ten to five, and Nell was on it, the only passenger, with her hood up.

33

The chapter’s first page: the heading dropped down the page (the sinkage), no running head, and often a drop cap.

NotSection heading: a heading inside a chapter, which runs on in the text.

SayOpen every chapter of A Winter of Small Hours on a recto, with a third of the page as sinkage, a drop cap and no running head.

Blank page

Also: blank, intentionally left blank

A page left empty so that the next part can start on a recto. It counts in the extent but shows no folio. Manuals and official forms print ‘This page is intentionally left blank’; books just leave it blank.

30
30
31
31
32
33

Chapter One ends on page 31, and Chapter Two must open on a recto, so page 32 is left blank. It still counts, but shows no folio and no running head.

NotWhite space: the empty space designed into a page. A blank page has nothing on it at all.

SayWhen a chapter of the novel ends on a recto, leave the verso after it blank, with no folio and no running head.

Back matter

Also: end matter

Everything after the body: pages the reader looks things up in rather than reads through. Its page numbers carry on from the body’s.

Appendices
Notes
Glossary
Bibliography
Index

A Short History of the Bicycle needs more: the material too long for the text, the sources, the words, and the way back in.

NotBack cover: the outside of the book. Back matter is the last pages inside it.

SayBack matter for the bicycle book in this order: appendices, notes, glossary, bibliography, then the index.

Appendix

Also: appendices

A section at the back for material that supports the text but would interrupt it: long tables, timelines, documents. Appendices are numbered or lettered in order.

RUNNING MACHINES

For the full timeline, see Appendix 2, p. 248.

40
…
APPENDICES
Appendix 2
A timeline of the bicycle
YearMachine
1817Drais’s running machine, pushed with the feet
1860sPedals on the front wheel: the boneshaker
1870sThe high wheel, later called the penny-farthing
1885The Rover safety bicycle, driven by a chain
1888Dunlop’s air-filled tyre
248

The chapter reads straight through, and the full timeline waits at the back for anyone who wants it, one reference away.

NotFootnote: a short note at the foot of the same page. An appendix is a whole section at the back.

SayMove the timeline out of chapter 1 of the bicycle book into Appendix 2, and point readers to it with a page reference.

Glossary

An alphabetical list of the book’s technical words, each with a short definition, in the back matter.

GLOSSARY
Glossary
cadence
n
how fast a rider turns the pedals
chainring
n
the toothed wheel the pedals turn
derailleur
n
a gear changer that moves the chain from one sprocket to the next
draisine
n
an early two-wheeled machine with no pedals, pushed along with the feet
fixed gear
n
a drive with no freewheel, so the pedals turn whenever the wheel does
penny-farthing
n
a bicycle of the 1870s and 1880s with a very large front wheel
sprocket
n
a toothed wheel the chain runs over
263

A glossary collects the book’s technical words in alphabetical order, each with a short definition.

NotIndex: which gives page numbers, not meanings. A glossary says what a word means; an index says where it is.

SayAdd a glossary of bicycle parts to the history, and gloss each word in the margin the first time it appears.

Index

An alphabetical list of topics and names with the pages where they appear. It is made last, from the final pages, because it points to page numbers.

INDEX
boneshaker, 41–60
brakes, 140, 210–213
Drais, Karl, 3–17
Dunlop, John Boyd, 138–141; see also pneumatic tyres
gearsderailleur, 205–209fixed, 204hub, 206
penny-farthing, 83–99
pneumatic tyres, 138–145
safety bicycle, 121–160
women cyclists, 178–199
275

Sub-entries on their own indented lines: easy to scan, but they take more space.

NotContents: at the front, in page order, listing the book’s parts. An index is at the back, in alphabetical order, listing topics.

SayBuild the bicycle book’s index from the final pages, with indented sub-entries and ‘see also’ cross-references.

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